Wildlife Conservation Society: Protecting Wildlife in Thailand

Wildlife Conservation Society Tiger Project Thailand
In August 2011, the U.S. Department of State’s Regional Environmental Office (REO) in Bangkok awarded a small grant of nearly $25,000 to the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) to improve wildlife protection in Thailand’s Western Forest Complex (WEFCOM). The WEFCOM is one the largest protected landscapes in mainland Southeast Asia, supporting various globally threatened species including tigers and elephants.
The core area of WEFCOM includes Huai Kha Khaeng and Thung Yai Wildlife Sanctuaries (HKK-TY), which the international tiger conservation community has categorized as a tiger conservation landscape of top priority. Over the past seven years, WCS has worked closely with several of the Thai government’s wildlife management agencies to strengthen law enforcement and monitoring, including supporting the deployment of advanced wildlife monitoring technologies.
This REO-funded small grant project has significantly improved the law enforcement system in HKK. Coverage for 20 patrol teams has increased to span almost the entire 2,700 square kilometers of the HKK. This intensified patrol effort led to a rise in arrests of tiger-poaching gangs that previously operated with impunity deep inside the HKK.

Wildlife Conservation Society Tiger Project Thailand
This small project also involved a public education campaign to stop the illegal sale of wild meat in local food shops and restaurants. Posters and notebooks were developed, posted, and distributed in local communities bordering the HKK. WCS also organized a big parade in Lan Sak district to raise awareness of this critical issue. The widely publicized parade caught the attention of local people including school children. Key figures participated in the parade, including the Vice Minister of Natural Resources and Environment, the Deputy Director General of Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation (DNP), the Mayor of Lansak District, and 24 representatives of twelve countries who had come to the HKK for a training course on wildlife conservation enforcement organized by the Smithsonian Institute.
This poster conveys the message: “Wild animals are for the food for tigers, not for humans.”

Wildlife Conservation Society Tiger Project Thailand
Mongolia Environment and Nature Consortium:
Exploring Potential Uses of Biogas in Mongolia
The Mongolia Environment and Nature Consortium (MENC) received a small grant for $24,900 from the U.S. Department of State’s Regional Environmental Office (REO) in Bangkok to conduct a project to identify the potential to produce and use methane-based biogas from livestock dung in Mongolia. Development of such technology could eliminate the need for rural communities to connect to a traditional electric grid. The results of this project will be widely distributed to support further development and diffusion of biogas technology in Mongolia.

Mongolia Biogas Project
To guide this project, the MENC established a biogas advisory group of distinguished scientists and stakeholders, responsible for selecting the pilot site and managing the project’s implementation. Dr. M. Badarch, Director of MENC and Prof. B. Namkhainyam, Technical University of Science and Technology, are the main project leads. Badarch and Namkhainyam jointly developed the technical concept of biogas development and application for Mongolia.

Mongolia Biogas Project
As a pilot site for this project, the MENC selected a small community called Ovor Gunt, located roughly 25 kilometers outside the capital city of Ulaanbaatar. Ovor Gunt is comprised of eight families, with 65 cows that will produce dung for conversion to biogas. The technical components of the biogas pilot plant were bought in China, transported to Mongolia, and installed at Ovor Gunt. One significant challenge initially encountered was adaptation to Mongolia’s extremely cold climate. The advisory group continues to test the technology and work with experts to improve the biogas technology currently in use at Ovor Gunt, while also designing new biogas extracting techniques and technology, possibly for use with sheep dung.

As a pilot site for this project, the MENC selected
One adaptation of this project to Mongolia’s harsh winters was the construction of a small “Greenhouse” that will protect dung/fuel and equipment from precipitation, and allow biogas conversion to continue during winter months. In order to promote the benefits of this type of low-cost, non-labor-intensive, and environmentally friendly biogas production in Mongolia, project personnel are drafting a Mongolian language user guide. The MENC also plans to hold a conference to publicize the existence of this biogas plant and to discuss potential legal issues and how to manage them. The expected result will be a legally binding agreement among farmers at the biogas pilot site, and a set of guidelines for future biogas plants. Several local smaller-scale group discussions on project implementation issues and technical concepts have already taken place, along with other small-scale public awareness efforts, including logo design and a branding campaign.