
An exhibit at the U.S. Botanic Garden in Washington, D.C. showcased how public gardens around the U.S. help protect different ecosystems (U.S. Botanic Garden)
Every day, there is a news story on drought in another region of the world – maybe even your own. People talk about water conservation methods on the local, regional, and national scale. But what can we do as individuals to conserve water, without fancy equipment or lots of money to spend? How can we adapt to the more frequent and intense droughts around the world (not to mention other major water events, like sudden floods)? One substantial commitment you can make, either at your home or in your community, is to plant a rain garden. On a larger scale, there is ecological restoration. These plantings can be incredibly helpful in halting erosion during heavy rains and floods, while also retaining water during dry events.
So what is a rain garden? According to the Rain Garden Network, it is a “shallow depression that is planted with deep-rooted native plants and grasses. The garden should be positioned near a runoff source like a downspout, driveway or sump pump to capture rainwater runoff and stop the water from reaching the sewer system.” The use of native plants and grasses is one component of rain gardens that makes them so special: by using them, you prevent importing any foreign species into your land; they are often cheaper than imported plants because they are from local sources; and they are easy to grow because they are suited to the local climate. Rain gardens are especially great in areas with lots of pavement, concrete or other hard surfaces that don’t absorb water. By absorbing the runoff from these impenetrable surfaces, rain gardens require less maintenance and provide both the “natural absorption and pollutant removal activities of a forest…meadow or prairie, as well as help with major storms by capturing the water for a short time then slowly releasing it into the soil.”
What if you do not have land but there is land available in your community? While a rain garden is a wonderful option, another option that is particularly good for larger scale projects is ecological restoration. An ecological restoration company in the United States called Underwood & Associates describes the process as “restoring the native interconnected hydrological cycles through sand seepage wetland and stream restoration. While reconnecting the water cycle from the highlands to the floodplain, [ecological restoration] reestablish natural microbial habitats and ecosystems imperative to nutrient reduction and sediment control.” Ecosystem restoration means taking existing land and replacing the existing landscape with a very specific and harmonized collection of plants and water features. Doing this can help recover and restore threatened ecosystems and species, repair riparian zones (the areas of vegetation next to rivers and other water sources), improve the health and quality of the water: for both the present and the long term. Check out this video on the restoration of the Manhattan Beach Coastal project.
Both rain gardens and ecological restoration are low effort and low cost methods of not only conserving water, but bringing back a balance to the ecosystem of the land and becoming environmental stewards. Whether it is on a small, individual scale or a much larger community scale, putting these local plants and grasses into the earth is a first step in restoring the beauty and usefulness of an area that might otherwise be wasted.